Thiselton adds, “But here the gender issue threatens to obscure the force of be a man! ἀνήρ has two semantic oppositions, not one: it does not simply pose a contrast with supposedly ‘feminine’ qualities it also stands in contrast with childish ways, as strikingly in 1 Cor 13:11: ἐφρόνουν ὡς νήπιος (I had a childish mind-set, attitude) but I set all this aside ὅτε γέγονα ἀνήρ (when I became a man). The NJB actually combines the last two exhortations, “be brave and strong.” Other translations, while certainly understanding the word’s etymological meaning, translate it as “be courageous” (CSB, NRSV, NIV, NLT, cf. The word clearly has to do with being a “man” (ἀνήρ), but in what sense? Historically, it has been seen in contrast to being a “woman,” and hence the translation “act like men” (NASB), drawing connections with the similar idea throughout the Old Testament where warriors are urged to be courageous (1 Sam 4:9 2 Sam 10:12). Ἀνδρίζεσθε is particularly difficult to translate in today’s climate and the changing English language. The other question is whether πίστει refers to personal faith (“in your faith”) or to the gospel (“the faith,” “in what you believe”). Morphologically, στήκετε is a perfect from ἵστημι, but in the Koine it functions as a present. Paul could have used aorist imperatives and had the same basic meaning, but the present tense adds a slight nuance to the words’ meanings’, emphasizing that being on your guard, standing firm, being courageous, and being strong, is something that we do day in and day out.īut there’re other oddities in this passage. In all the attention being paid these days to aspect, we can’t forget that aspect is just one part of the language’s ability to convey information. All of them are admonitions to continual actions, as you would suspect from the meaning of the verbs themselves. Paul writes, “Be on your guard (γρηγορεῖτε), stand firm in the faith (στήκετε ἐν τῇ πίστει), be courageous (ἀνδρίζεσθε), and be strong (κραταιοῦσθε).” Notice that they’re all present imperatives with continuous (imperfective) force. V 13 illustrates the issue of aspect, and v 14 shows a troubling omission in some translations. Paul is ending his letter to the Corinthian church and concludes with a general admonition. For Students Pursue a deeper knowledge of God through self-paced college- and seminary-level online courses in Old and New Testament studies, theology, biblical Greek, and more.
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